Actor-Network Theory (ANT) , created by Bruno Latour, Michel Callon, and John Law, offers a radical way to look at how businesses are built. It describes a “material-semiotic" method of analysis that is distinct from mainstream network analysis. The key difference? ANT argues that non-human objects (technology, money, prototypes, contracts) are nearly as important in a network as human actors. The "Gun" Analogy: Understanding Hybrid Agency To understand how an object can have "agency," we look to a famous example provided by Latour (1999) regarding a person holding a gun: “You are different with the gun in your hand; the gun is different with you holding it. You are another subject because you hold the gun; the gun is another object because it has entered into a relationship with you.” Korsgaard (2011) interprets this to mean that neither the gun nor the person kills alone. The action is executed by the combination of the person and the gun...

Serial entrepreneurship refers to the repeated behaviour of starting new ventures over time. In academic literature, the distinction is more specific. Plehn-Dujowich (2010) categorizes founders into two main groups: Novice Entrepreneurs: Individuals launching a business for the first time. Habitual Entrepreneurs: This group includes Serial Entrepreneurs (who launch and exit businesses sequentially) and Portfolio Entrepreneurs (who own and manage multiple businesses concurrently). As Dabić et al. (2023) highlight in their comprehensive review, serial entrepreneurship is shaped across multiple levels—individual cognition, organizational capability transfer, and broader institutional environments. Serial founders do not just restart; their career trajectory is fundamentally shaped by how past venture performance, exit routes (such as lucrative sales vs. bankruptcies), and networks condition their next venture entry. The Learning Curve Advantage...

⚠️ STATUS: CONTROVERSIAL The Physiology of Entrepreneurship: Are You Biologically Wired for Business?   Could your physiology make you more entrepreneurial? While the debate of "Nature vs. Nurture" continues, research examining the biological roots of entrepreneurship is uncovering fascinating links. Although this field is relatively new, studies are beginning to show how our hormonal makeup and physical traits may affect our propensity for risk, aggression, and business creation. The Testosterone Connection: The 2D:4D Ratio One of the most intriguing areas of study examines how testosterone levels experienced in the womb affect adult behaviour. Bönte, Procher, and Urbig (2016) explored the link between prenatal testosterone and traits common in entrepreneurs, such as competitiveness and risk-taking. Because we cannot measure prenatal testosterone directly in adults, researchers use a biological marker: The Finger Length Ratio (2D:4D). To calculate thi...